Although there are many kinds of textile fibers, they can be basically divided into natural fibers and chemical fibers.

I. Natural Fibers

1. Summary: Natural fibers refer to textile fibers existing in nature or obtained directly from cultured animals. Usually include:

1) Plant fiber: A seed fiber: such as cotton B phloem fiber: such as ramie, flax, jute, hemp and so on.

2) Animal fibers: A hair fibers: such as wool, rabbit hair, cashmere, camel hair, yak B secretion fibers: such as mulberry silk, tussah silk, cassava silk, etc. C mineral fibers: such as asbestos.

2.

1) cotton

A has strong hygroscopicity, comfortable wear, easy dyeing and shrinkage.

B alkali and acid resistance. Mercerized cotton is a cotton fabric treated with caustic soda.

C cotton fiber is relatively heat-resistant, but it is not suitable for long time treatment above 100 degrees. For example, the ironing temperature is about 190 degrees. When ironing cotton fabric, it is better to spray wet, which is conducive to ironing.

D cotton fiber is soft and weak, cotton fabric feels good, comfortable to wear, washable, but easy to wrinkle, suitable for all kinds of clothing and bedding in all seasons.

2) hemp

There are many varieties of hemp, such as ramie, flax, jute, hemp, etc. When used, the former two kinds of fabrics are used more secretly. Hemp and cotton have some similar properties.

A has strong hygroscopicity, alkali resistance and acid resistance.

B heat resistance is also good, ironing temperature can reach 190 - 210 degrees, easy to burn.

C strength is higher than cotton, hemp fiber is hard and weak, the fabric is easy to wrinkle, harder than cotton fabric, stiff and crisp. The so-called summer cloth, that is, the southern people love to wear ramie fabric, not close to the body after sweating.

D ramie is the best quality fiber in Ramie fiber. It has the characteristics of cool, moisture absorption, air permeability, and high stiffness, rigidity, stiffness and not close to the body. It is suitable for making summer clothes.

3) hair

The largest amount of wool used in textile is the upper wool, which is usually called wool. Wool fibers are thicker and longer than cotton fibers. They are curled and covered with scales. Because of the existence of scales, wool has a special property, that is, shrinkage. Shrinkage refers to the property that wool is rubbed in warm water and detergent and bites and felts with each other. The shrinkage of wool products is one of the reasons that cause shrinkage of wool products after washing. If the scales are destroyed to make them smooth and flat, the shrinkage of wool products will not occur. Therefore, the machine-washed woolen sweaters sold on the market are treated with this kind of surface treatment.

Wool belongs to protein fibers and its main properties are as follows:

A Good elasticity, not easy to wrinkle, good feel and soft gloss, and shrinkage.

B has good hygroscopicity, but it has great plasticity after wetting, poor elasticity and reduced shape retention. Therefore, general wool clothing should be dry-cleaned, not wet-washed.

C is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, so alkaline detergent should be avoided when washing wool products.

D is sensitive to oxidants, especially chlorine-containing oxidants, which will make them yellow and reduce their strength. Therefore, wool can not be bleached with bleaching powder, nor can it be polyesterized with laundry detergent containing bleaching powder.

E wool is less heat-resistant than cotton. It can't be ironed with boiling water at first. Its ironing temperature is 160 - 180 degrees. It's better to clamp wet cloth in the middle when ironing.

F villus is thinner than ordinary wool, most of which grow close to animal epidermis. It has fine, light, soft and warm properties, is a high-grade clothing fabric, but the price is expensive, the strength is low. Usually the so-called cashmere coat, cashmere sweater, its cashmere content is not 100%, containing more than 30% of cashmere will give play to the excellent characteristics of cashmere.

4) silk

Natural silk can be divided into silk and wild silk, which is called mulberry silk, and tussah silk, the main variety of wild silk. Silk has high strength, slender fibers, soft and smooth, better weakness than cellulose fibers, with unique luster. Silk fabrics are not only thin and gauzy, but also full and enterprising. They are high-skinned clothing materials, which belong to protein fibers like wool.

Properties of mulberry silk:

A Good hygroscopicity, high strength, soft feel, bright surface.

B can withstand tension acid and alkali, such as silk products treated with acetic acid, the softness increases, the feel appears soft and lubricated, and the gloss becomes better. So when washing silk clothes, a small amount of white vinegar can be added to the final rinsing water to improve the appearance and feel.

C is not resistant to salt water erosion, soaking in 0.5% salt potato for a long time will reduce the strength, so the silk clothes worn in summer should be changed diligently, can not use sea water first.

D has poor light resistance and makes the fibers yellowing and brittle when exposed to sunlight. Therefore, it is not suitable to treat wool with chlorine bleaching agent or detergent after washing.

Properties of Tussah Silk

The hygroscopicity, heat resistance and chemical resistance of mulberry silk are better than those of mulberry silk. Soft luster, but not as bright as silk, feel not as smooth as silk, good moisture absorption and air permeability, suitable for all kinds of life clothing, but also acid-resistant work clothing and live work protective clothing.

Properties of silk

Silk is a yarn made from waste silk or waste silk. It can be divided into two kinds: silk (yarn) and filament (yarn). Silk has good luster, uniform surface, short fibers, poor luster, many impurities, low strength and easy to wool. It is often used as cotton products. Its price and grade are relatively low, but because of its special rough style, it is very popular in the fabric market in recent years.

II. Chemical fibers

1. Brief description: Chemical fibers are textile fibers made from natural or synthetic polymers by certain methods.

1) Man-made fibers: fibers made from natural polymers (such as wood, bagasse or animal fibers) through certain processing and spinning.